Pulsed electromagnetic field and magnetotherapy research
This is a reference list, not a bioresonance library. The papers below study pulsed electromagnetic fields (PEMF), static and low frequency magnetic fields, and transcranial magnetic stimulation: different device classes from bioresonance, at defined field strengths, mostly for bone, joint, nerve, wound and pain outcomes. They are collected here because readers of this site ask about them, and because the physics of weak fields and living tissue is where the two fields overlap. Nothing on this page is evidence for or against bioresonance therapy, and nothing on it is a claim by this site that any device diagnoses or treats any condition.
Every link goes to the PubMed record, where you can read the abstract and find the full paper. Titles are as PubMed lists them. Most of this work dates from 1985 to 2005; the list has not been updated with newer PEMF research.
The NASA study that is often quoted alongside these papers is Goodwin (2003), Physiological and molecular genetic effects of time-varying electromagnetic fields on human neuronal cells, NASA/TP-2003-212054, Johnson Space Center. The “40 per cent” figure that circulates online is a popular summary, not a line from the report; read the report itself on the NASA technical reports server. Back to the research library.
Bone, fracture and osteoporosis
- Treatment of non-union of fractures by pulsing electro-magnetic fields. Radiography, 1982.
- Bone density changes in osteoporosis-prone women exposed to pulsed electromagnetic fields (PEMFs). J Bone Miner Res, 1990.
- Therapy with pulsed electromagnetic fields in aseptic loosening of total hip protheses: a prospective study. Clin Rheumatol, 1996.
- Effects of static magnetic and pulsed electromagnetic fields on bone healing. Int J Adult Orthodon Orthognath Surg, 1997.
- Pulsed electromagnetic fields for the treatment of bone fractures. Bangladesh Med Res Counc Bull, 1999.
- A case of congenital pseudarthrosis of the tibia treated with pulsing electromagnetic fields. 17-year follow-up. J Nippon Med Sch, 2000.
- Spine fusion for discogenic low back pain: outcomes in patients treated with or without pulsed electromagnetic field stimulation. Adv Ther, 2000.
- Effects of pulsed electromagnetic field (PEMF) stimulation on bone tissue like formation are dependent on the maturation stages of the osteoblasts. Bioelectromagnetics, 2002.
- Effect of pulsed electromagnetic fields (PEMF) on late-phase osteotomy gap healing in a canine tibial model. J Orthop Res, 2002.
- Pulsed electromagnetic fields prevent osteoporosis in an ovariectomized female rat model: a prostaglandin E2-associated process. Bioelectromagnetics, 2003.
- Pseudarthrosis after lumbar spine fusion: nonoperative salvage with pulsed electromagnetic fields. Am J Orthop (Belle Mead NJ), 2004.
Osteoarthritis, joints and tendons
- Pulsed electromagnetic field therapy of persistent rotator cuff tendinitis. A double-blind controlled assessment. Lancet, 1984.
- Therapeutic effects of pulsed magnetic fields on joint diseases. Panminerva Med, 1992.
- A double-blind trial of the clinical effects of pulsed electromagnetic fields in osteoarthritis. J Rheumatol, 1993.
- The effect of pulsed electromagnetic fields in the treatment of osteoarthritis of the knee and cervical spine. Report of randomized, double blind, placebo controlled trials. J Rheumatol, 1994.
- Pulsed magnetic and electromagnetic fields in experimental achilles tendonitis in the rat: a prospective randomized study. Arch Phys Med Rehabil, 1997.
- The effect of pulsed electromagnetic fields on flexor tendon healing in chickens. J Hand Surg Br, 1999.
- Electromagnetic fields and magnets. Investigational treatment for musculoskeletal disorders. Rheum Dis Clin North Am, 2000.
- Magnetic pulse treatment for knee osteoarthritis: a randomised, double-blind, placebo-controlled study. Curr Med Res Opin, 2001.
- Pulsed magnetic field therapy for osteoarthritis of the knee–a double-blind sham-controlled trial. Wien Klin Wochenschr, 2002.
- Evaluation of electromagnetic fields in the treatment of pain in patients with lumbar radiculopathy or the whiplash syndrome. NeuroRehabilitation, 2002.
- Modification of osteoarthritis by pulsed electromagnetic field–a morphological study. Osteoarthritis Cartilage, 2003.
- The effect of pulsed electromagnetic fields in the treatment of cervical osteoarthritis: a randomized, double-blind, sham-controlled trial. Rheumatol Int, 2006.
- Electromagnetic fields for treating osteoarthritis. Cochrane Database Syst Rev, 2013.
Nerve regeneration and neurology
- Effect of weak, pulsing electromagnetic fields on neural regeneration in the rat. Clin Orthop Relat Res, 1983.
- Effects of high-peak pulsed electromagnetic field on the degeneration and regeneration of the common peroneal nerve in rats. J Bone Joint Surg Br, 1983.
- Pulsing electromagnetic field therapy in nerve regeneration: an experimental study in the cat. Plast Reconstr Surg, 1984.
- An experimental study of the effects of pulsed electromagnetic field (Diapulse) on nerve repair. J Hand Surg Br, 1984.
- Stimulation of rat sciatic nerve regeneration with pulsed electromagnetic fields. Brain Res, 1989.
- Effectiveness of magnetotherapy in optic nerve atrophy. A preliminary study. Vestn Oftalmol, 1990.
- A multivariate approach to the treatment of peripheral nerve transection injury: the role of electromagnetic field therapy. Plast Reconstr Surg, 1991.
- History of magnetic stimulation of the nervous system. J Clin Neurophysiol, 1991.
- Magnetic fields in the treatment of Parkinson’s disease. Int J Neurosci, 1992.
- Pretreatment of rats with pulsed electromagnetic fields enhances regeneration of the sciatic nerve. Bioelectromagnetics, 1993.
- Protection against focal cerebral ischemia following exposure to a pulsed electromagnetic field. Bioelectromagnetics, 1994.
- Enhancement of functional recovery following a crush lesion to the rat sciatic nerve by exposure to pulsed electromagnetic fields. Exp Neurol, 1994.
- Effect of extremely low frequency magnetic field on brain ischemic reaction in rats. Space Med Med Eng (Beijing), 1997.
- Effect of pulsed electromagnetic stimulation on facial nerve regeneration. Arch Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg, 1998.
- Magnetic and electrical stimulation in the rehabilitative treatment of patients with organic lesions of the nervous system. Neurosci Behav Physiol, 1998.
- Evaluation of treatment with a pulsed electromagnetic field on wound healing, clinicopathologic variables, and central nervous system activity of dogs. Am J Vet Res, 1998.
- Theory of multichannel magnetic stimulation: toward functional neuromuscular rehabilitation. IEEE Trans Biomed Eng, 1999.
- Electromagnetic fields influence NGF activity and levels following sciatic nerve transection. J Neurosci Res, 1999.
- Transcranial magnetic stimulation: contribution to psychiatry and to the study of brain-behavior relationship. Actas Esp Psiquiatr, 2000.
- A comparative study of the effects of magnetic stimulation and electric stimulation on peripheral nerve injury in rat. J Tongji Med Univ, 2001.
- Autoradiographic evaluation of electromagnetic field effects on serotonin (5HT1A) receptors in rat brain. Biomed Sci Instrum, 2003.
- The use of pulsed electromagnetic fields with complex modulation in the treatment of patients with diabetic polyneuropathy. Neurosci Behav Physiol, 2003.
- Exposure to pulsed magnetic fields enhances motor recovery in cats after spinal cord injury. Spine (Phila Pa 1976), 2003.
- Pulsed magnetic field therapy in refractory neuropathic pain secondary to peripheral neuropathy: electrodiagnostic parameters–pilot study. Neurorehabil Neural Repair, 2004.
- Mechanisms and therapeutic applications of electromagnetic therapy in Parkinson’s disease. Behav Brain Funct, 2015.
- Modulation of long-term potentiation-like cortical plasticity in the healthy brain with low frequency-pulsed electromagnetic fields. BMC Neurosci, 2018.
Psychiatry and transcranial magnetic stimulation
- Melatonin as a proconvulsive hormone in humans. Int J Neurosci, 1992.
- Transcranial magnetic stimulation in the treatment of psychiatric disorders. Psychiatry Clin Neurosci, 1999.
- Influence of electromagnetic fields on the emotional behaviour of rats. Radiats Biol Radioecol, 2000.
- Transcranial magnetic stimulation. Clinical trials in psychiatry: therapeutical use. Actas Esp Psiquiatr, 2002.
- Combining high and low frequencies in rTMS antidepressive treatment: preliminary results. Hum Psychopharmacol, 2002.
Wound healing and skin
- Effect of external pulsing electromagnetic fields on the healing of soft tissue. Ann Plast Surg, 1986.
- Effects of pulsed extremely-low-frequency magnetic fields on skin wounds in the rat. Bioelectromagnetics, 1988.
- Effects of pulsed electromagnetic fields on rat skin metabolism. Biochim Biophys Acta, 1989.
- Effect of low frequency pulsing electromagnetic fields on skin ulcers of venous origin in humans: a double-blind study. J Orthop Res, 1990.
- Treatment of chronic varicose ulcers with pulsed electromagnetic fields: a controlled pilot study. Ir Med J, 1991.
- A portable pulsed electromagnetic field (PEMF) device to enhance healing of recalcitrant venous ulcers: a double-blind, placebo-controlled clinical trial. Br J Dermatol, 1992.
- Therapeutic effects of electromagnetic fields in the stimulation of connective tissue repair. J Cell Biochem, 1993.
- The influence of pulsed electrical stimulation on the wound healing of burned rat skin. Arch Med Res, 1995.
- Pulsed electromagnetic fields in experimental cutaneous wound healing in rats. J Burn Care Rehabil, 1996.
- Effect of magnetic fields on skin wound healing. Experimental study. Medicina (B Aires), 1996.
- Effects of pulsed magnetic energy on a microsurgically transferred vessel. Plast Reconstr Surg, 2000.
- Microcirculatory effects of pulsed electromagnetic fields. J Orthop Res, 2004.
Pain, migraine, fatigue and rheumatology
- Electrochemical therapy of pelvic pain: effects of pulsed electromagnetic fields (PEMF) on tissue trauma. Eur J Surg Suppl, 1994.
- A study of the effects of pulsed electromagnetic field therapy with respect to serological grouping in rheumatoid arthritis. J Indian Med Assoc, 1998.
- Initial exploration of pulsing electromagnetic fields for treatment of migraine. Headache, 1998.
- Treatment of migraine with pulsing electromagnetic fields: a double-blind, placebo-controlled study. Headache, 1999.
- Impulse magnetic-field therapy for migraine and other headaches: a double-blind, placebo-controlled study. Adv Ther, 2001.
- The effect of exposure to high flux density static and pulsed magnetic fields on lymphocyte function. Bioelectromagnetics, 2003.
- Therapy of day time fatigue in patients with multiple sclerosis. Wien Med Wochenschr, 2003.
- Effects of a pulsed electromagnetic therapy on multiple sclerosis fatigue and quality of life: a double-blind, placebo controlled trial. Altern Ther Health Med, 2003.
- Exposure to a specific pulsed low-frequency magnetic field: a double-blind placebo-controlled study of effects on pain ratings in rheumatoid arthritis and fibromyalgia patients. Pain Res Manag, 2006.
- Low frequency and low intensity pulsed electromagnetic field exerts its antiinflammatory effect through restoration of plasma membrane calcium ATPase activity. Life Sci, 2007.
- Extremely low frequency electromagnetic fields stimulation modulates autoimmunity and immune responses: a possible immuno-modulatory therapeutic effect in neurodegenerative diseases. Neural Regen Res, 2016.
Eyes
- The effect of a pulsed electromagnetic field on the hemodynamics of eyes with glaucoma. Oftalmol Zh, 1990.
- The effect of a pulsed electromagnetic field on ocular hydrodynamics in open-angle glaucoma. Oftalmol Zh, 1990.
- Possibilities of magnetotherapy in stabilization of visual function in patients with glaucoma. Vestn Oftalmol, 1996.
Reviews, mechanisms and history
- Fundamental and practical aspects of therapeutic uses of pulsed electromagnetic fields (PEMFs). Crit Rev Biomed Eng, 1989.
- Beneficial effects of electromagnetic fields. J Cell Biochem, 1993.
- Possible therapeutic applications of pulsed magnetic fields. Cas Lek Cesk, 1993.
- Equipment design for magnetic therapy and “Polus” devices. Med Tekh, 1994.
- Pulsed magnetotherapy in Czechoslovakia: a review. Rev Environ Health, 1994.
- Magnetic fields in physical therapy. Experience in orthopedics and traumatology rehabilitation. Minerva Med, 1996.
- Clinical effectiveness of magnetic field therapy: a review of the literature. Acta Med Austriaca, 2000.
- Theoretical and practical aspects of general magnetotherapy. Vopr Kurortol Fizioter Lech Fiz Kult, 2001.
Insomnia, gynaecology and other
- A low-frequency alternating magnetic field, a supersonic-frequency current and interference currents in the combined treatment of chronic nonspecific endometritis. Vopr Kurortol Fizioter Lech Fiz Kult, 1997.
- Impulse magnetic-field therapy for insomnia: a double-blind, placebo-controlled study. Adv Ther, 2001.
- Osmotin-loaded magnetic nanoparticles with electromagnetic guidance for the treatment of Alzheimer’s disease. Nanoscale, 2017.
